DISORDERS
DISEASES
AND
DISEASES AND
DISORDERS
A Nursing
Therapeutics Manual
THIRD EDITION
DISEASES
AND
DISEASES
AND
DISORDERS
DISORDERS
A Nursing
Therapeutics Manual
Marilyn Sawyer Sommers, RN, PhD, FAAN
Professor
University of Pennsylvania
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Susan A. Johnson, RN, PhD
Program Director & Associate Professor
College of Mount St. Joseph
Cincinnati, Ohio
Theresa A. Beery, PhD, RN
Associate Professor
University of Cincinnati
Cincinnati, Ohio
THIRD EDITION
F. A. Davis Company
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Copyright © 2007 by F. A. Davis Company
Copyright © 2007, 2002, 1997 by F. A. Davis Company. All rights reserved. This book is pro-
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Printed in the United States
Last digit indicates print number: 1098765432
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Developmental Editor: Kristin L. Kern
Design Manager: Carolyn O’Brien
As new scientific information becomes available through basic and clinical research, recommended
treatments and drug
therapies undergo
changes. The
author(s) and publisher
have
done
everything
possible
to make
this book accurate, up to date, and in accord with accepted standards
at
the time of publication.
The
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for errors
or
omissions
or for consequences from application of the book, and make
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or
implied,
in regard
to the contents of the book. Any
practice described in this book should be
applied
by
the reader in accordance with professional standards of care used in regard
to the
unique
circumstances that may
apply
in each situation. The
reader is advised always
to check
product
information
(package inserts)
for changes and new
information
regarding
dose and contraindications
before administering any
drug.
Caution is especially
urged
when
using new
or
infrequently
ordered drugs.
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Sommers, Marilyn Sawyer.
Diseases and disorders : a nursing therapeutics manual / Marilyn Sawyer
Sommers, Susan A. Johnson, Theresa A. Beery.—3rd ed.
p. ; cm.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN-13: 978-0-8036-1337-9
ISBN-10: 0-8036-1337-7
1. Nursing—Handbooks, manuals, etc. 2. Nursing diagnosis—Handbooks, manuals,
etc. 3. Therapeutics—Handbooks, manuals, etc. I. Johnson, Susan A. II. Beery,
Theresa A. III. Title.
[DNLM: 1. Nursing Care—methods—Handbooks. 2. Nursing Process—Handbooks.
WY 49 S697da 2007]
RT51.S66 2007
610.73—dc22
2006019341
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Contents
Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm 1
Abdominal Trauma 5
Abortion, Spontaneous 11
Abruptio Placentae 15
Acid-Base Imbalances: Metabolic Acidosis
and Alkalosis; Respiratory Acidosis and
Alkalosis 19
Acquired Immunodeficiency
Syndrome 25
Acromegaly 31
Acute Adrenal Crisis 34
Acute Alcohol Intoxication 37
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome 41
Adrenal Insufficiency
(Addison’s Disease) 44
Air Embolism 48
Alcohol Withdrawal 51
Allergic Purpura 56
Alzheimer’s Disease 58
Amputation 62
Amyloidosis 66
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis 69
Anaphylaxis 73
Angina Pectoris 76
Anorectal Abscess and Fistula 81
Anorexia Nervosa 84
Aortic Valve Insufficiency 88
Aortic Valve Stenosis 91
Aplastic Anemia 94
Appendicitis 98
Arterial Occlusive Disease 102
Asthma 106
Atelectasis 110
Atrial Dysrhythmias 113
Basal Cell Carcinoma 119
Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia
(Hypertrophy) 122
Bladder Cancer 126
Blood Transfusion Reaction 130
Bone Cancer 135
Botulism 139
Brain Cancer 142
Breast Cancer 148
Bronchiolitis (Respiratory Syncytial
Viral Infection) 155
Bronchitis 158
Bulimia Nervosa 161
Burns 165
Calculi, Renal 171
Candidiasis (Moniliasis) 174
Cardiac Contusion (Myocardial
Contusion) 177
Cardiac Tamponade 181
Cardiogenic Shock 185
Cardiomyopathy
189
Carpal Tunnel Syndrome 193
Cataract 196
Cerebral Aneurysm 199
Cerebral Concussion 203
Cerebrovascular Accident 207
Cervical Cancer 212
Cervical Incompetence 216
Chlamydial Infections 219
Cholecystitis and Cholelithiasis 223
Chorioamnionitis 227
Chronic Fatigue Immune Dysfunction
Syndrome 230
Cirrhosis 233
Cleft Lip; Cleft Palate 237
Colorectal Cancer 240
Cor Pulmonale 245
Coronary Artery Disease
(Arteriosclerosis) 248
Crohn’s Disease 252
Cushing’s Syndrome 256
Cystic Fibrosis 260
Cystitis 264
Cystocele; Rectocele 268
Cytomegalovirus Infection 271
Degenerative Joint Disease (DJD) 275
Diabetes Insipidus 279
Diabetes Mellitus 282
Diffuse Axonal Injury 288
Dislocation; Subluxation 291
Disseminated Intravascular
Coagulation 295
Diverticular Disease 299
Dysfunctional Uterine Bleeding 303
Ectopic Pregnancy 307
Emphysema 310
Encephalitis 314
Endometriosis 318
Epididymitis 322
Epidural Hematoma 325
Epilepsy 329
Esophageal Cancer 333
Esophageal Diverticula 337
Fat Embolism 341
Fetopelvic Disproportion 344
Fibrocystic Breast Condition 348
Gallbladder and Biliary Duct
(Biliary System) Cancer 353
Gastric Cancer 356
Gastritis 360
Gastroenteritis 364
Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease
(GERD) 368
Glaucoma 371
Glomerulonephritis, Acute 374
Goiter 378
Gonorrhea 381
Guillain-Barré Syndrome 384
Gunshot Wound 388
Heart Failure 395
Hemophilia 400
Hemorrhoids 403
Hemothorax 406
Hepatitis 410
Herniated Disk 415
Herpes Simplex Virus 418
Herpes Zoster (Shingles) 421
Hodgkin’s Disease 424
Hydronephrosis 429
Hypercalcemia 433
Hyperchloremia 437
Hyperglycemia 439
Hyperkalemia 443
Hyperlipoproteinemia 447
Hypermagnesemia 451
Hypernatremia 454
Hyperparathyroidism 458
Hyperphosphatemia 462
Hypertension 465
Hyperthyroidism 469
Hypocalcemia 473
Hypochloremia 477
Hypoglycemia 480
Hypokalemia 483
Hypomagnesemia 487
Hyponatremia 490
Hypoparathyroidism 494
Hypophosphatemia 498
Hypothyroidism 501
Hypovolemic/Hemorrhagic Shock 505
Idiopathic Thrombocytopenia Purpura 511
Infective Endocarditis 514
Influenza 518
Inguinal Hernia 521
Intestinal Obstruction 524
Intracerebral Hematoma 527
Intrauterine Fetal Demise 531
Intussusception 534
Iron Deficiency Anemia 538
Irritable Bowel Syndrome 541
Junctional Dysrhythmias 545
Kidney Cancer 549
Laryngeal Cancer 553
Laryngotracheobronchitis (Croup) 556
Legionnaires’ Disease 560
Leukemia, Acute 563
Leukemia, Chronic 567
Liver Failure 572
Lung Cancer 576
Lupus Erythematosus 581
Lyme Disease 585
Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin’s 589
Mallory-Weiss Syndrome 595
Mastitis 598
Melanoma Skin Cancer 601
Meningitis 605
Migraine Headache 609
Mitral Insufficiency
(Regurgitation) 612
Mitral Stenosis 616
Mononucleosis, Infectious 620
Multiple Myeloma 623
Multiple Organ Dysfunction
Syndrome 627
Multiple Sclerosis 633
Muscular Dystrophy 636
Musculoskeletal Trauma 641
Myasthenia Gravis 646
Myocardial Infarction 650
Myocarditis 655
Nephrotic Syndrome 659
Neurogenic Bladder 662
Osteomyelitis 669
Osteoporosis 672
Otitis Media 676
Ovarian Cancer 680
Paget’s Disease 685
Pancreatic Cancer 688
Pancreatitis 693
Parkinson’s Disease 697
Pelvic Fractures 701
Pelvic Inflammatory Disease 705
Peptic Ulcer Disease 709
Pericarditis 713
Peritonitis 717
Pernicious Anemia 720
Pheochromocytoma 724
Pituitary Tumor 728
Placenta Previa 732
Pneumocystis carinii Pneumonia 736
Pneumonia 740
Pneumothorax 743
Polycystic Kidney Disease 746
Polycythemia 750
Postpartum Hemorrhage 754
Preeclampsia 758
Premature Rupture of Membranes 763
Pressure Ulcer 767
Preterm Labor 771
Prostate Cancer 776
Prostatitis 781
Psychoactive Substance Abuse 784
Pulmonary Embolism 789
Pulmonary Fibrosis
793
Pulmonary Hypertension 796
Pyelonephritis 800
Renal Failure, Acute 805
Renal Failure, Chronic 810
Retinal Detachment 815
Rheumatic Fever, Acute 818
Rheumatoid Arthritis 822
Rocky Mountain Spotted
Fever 826
Salmonella Infection
(Salmonellosis) 831
Sarcoidosis 834
Septic Shock 837
Sickle Cell Disease 842
Sjögren’s Syndrome 845
Skin Cancer 848
Spinal Cord Injury 853
Subarachnoid Hemorrhage 857
Subdural Hematoma 861
Sudden Infant Death Syndrome 865
Syndrome of Inappropriate Antidiuretic
Hormone (SIADH) 868
Syphilis 871
Tendinitis 877
Testicular Cancer 879
Tetanus 883
Thoracic Aortic Aneurysm 887
Thrombophlebitis 891
Thyroid Cancer 895
Tonsillitis 899
Toxoplasmosis 902
Tuberculosis 906
Ulcerative Colitis 911
Urinary Tract Infection 914
Urinary Tract Trauma 918
Uterine Cancer 923
Vaginal
Cancer 929
Vaginitis 932
Varicose Veins 935
Ventricular Dysrhythmias 938
Volvulus 944
Selected Bibliography 949
Index 951
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