NUTRITION A HANDBOOK FOR COMMUNITY NURSES

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Nutrition
A Handbook for
Community Nurses
JUDY BUTTRISS PhD, SRD, RPHNutr
Science Director, British Nutrition Foundation
AMANDA WYNNE BSc, MSc, PGDipDiet, SRD
and
SARA STANNER BSc(Hons), MSc, RPHNutr
Nutrition Scientist British Nutrition Foundation
S
ERIES EDITOR
MARILYN
EDWARDS
BSC(Hons), SRN, FETC
Specialist Practitioner, General Practice Nursing, Bilbrook Medical
Centre, Staffordshire

© 2001 Whurr Publishers Ltd
First published 2001
by Whurr Publishers Ltd
19b Compton Terrace
London N1 2UN England and
325 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia PA 19106 USA
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be
reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in
any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical,
photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior
permission of Whurr Publishers Limited.
This publication is sold subject to the conditions that it
shall not, by way of trade or otherwise, be lent, resold,
hired out, or otherwise circulated without the publisher’s
prior consent in any form of binding or cover other than
that in which it is published and without a similar
condition including this condition being imposed upon
any subsequent purchaser.
British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data
A catalogue record for this book
is available from the British Library.
ISBN 1 86156 216 0

Contents
Series Preface vii
Introduction 1
Background 1
Current health targets – Saving Lives: Our Healthier Nation 2
Nutritional issues highlighted in Saving Lives: Our Healthier Nation 3
Contents 7
Chapter 1  A healthy diet 9
Dietary reference values 10
The components of a healthy diet 22
Food processing 28
Nutrition labelling 30
Functional foods 33
Chapter 2  Nutrients and health 35
Fibre 35
Sugar 36
Fat 36
Other nutrients and phytochemicals 40
Chapter 3  Nutrition through life 51
Nutrition and preconception 51
Nutrition and pregnancy 53
Nutrition and breast-feeding 61
Weaning 67
Nutrition and preschool children 77

Nutrition and primary schoolchildren 80
Nutrition and teenagers 87
Nutrition and women of child-bearing age 97
Nutrition and men 102
Nutrition and the menopause 107
Ethnic minority groups 109
Low-income groups: eating healthily on a tight budget 112
Nutrition and older people 118
Chapter 4  Nutrition and the prevention/treatment of  diseases 127
Coronary heart disease (CHD) 128
Cancer 131
Obesity 132
Diabetes 138
Osteoporosis 140
Arthritis 141
Colds and flu 142
Vegetarianism 142
Allergy and intolerance 145
Special diets from the perspective of the community nurse 158
Chapter 5  Issues in the media 164
Dieting and weight loss 165
Women’s issues 168
Functional foods 171
Protective substances in food and their impact on health 175
Food safety 179
Chapter 6  Assessing the quality of nutritional information 186
Assessing the validity of new research 186
Who to approach for detailed professional nutritional advice 192
References 194
Useful addresses 200
Index 203