MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING 3 EDITION

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Magnetic Resonance
Imaging
PHYSICAL PRINCIPLES AND
APPLICATIONS

This is a volume in
ELECTROMAGNETISM
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ISAAK MAYERGOYZ~ SERIES EDITOR
UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND
COLLEGE PARK, MARYLAND

Magnetic Resonance
Imaging
PHYSICAL PRINCIPLES AND
APPLICATIONS
VADIM KUPERMAN
University of Chicago
Chicago, Illinois
ACADEMIC PRESS
A Harcourt Science and Technology Company
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Contents
Foreword
Acknowledgements
Introduction
References
Chapter I Basic Principles of Nuclear Magnetic
Resonance
1.1. The Phenomenon of NMR
1.2. Motion of Magnetic Moments
1.3. The Bloch Equations
1.4. Basic NMR Experiment
1.5. T~ Decay
1.6. Spin Echoes
1.7. Signal Attenuation Due to Diffusion
References
Chapter 2 Excitation of the Transverse Magnetization
2.1. Dynamics of Repeatedly Excited Magnetization
2.2. Ernst Angle
2.3. Spatially Selective Excitation
References
Chapter 3 Basic Techniques for 2D and 3D MRI
3.1. Image Reconstruction from Discrete Samples
3.2. Frequency and Phase Encoding
3.3. Basic Gradient and Spin-echo Pulse Sequences
3.4. K-space
References
Chapter 4 Contrast in MR Imaging
4.1. Main Contrast Mechanisms in 1H MRI
4.2. Contrast Agents
4.3. Magnetization Transfer Contrast
4.4. Diffusion-Weighted Images
References
Chapter 5 Signal-to-Noise Ratio in MRI
5.1. Noise Variance in MR Images
5.2. SNR in 2D and 3D MRI
5.3. SNR Field Dependence
References
Chapter 6 Image Artifacts
6.1. Artifacts Due to Magnetic Field Nonuniformity
6.2. Chemical Shift Artifacts
6.3. Artifacts Due to Motion and Flow
6.4. MRI Techniques for Motion Artifact Reduction
References
Chapter 7 Rapid MR Imaging
7.1. Rapid Gradient-Echo Imaging
7.2. Echo-Planar Imaging
7.3. Fast Spin-Echo Imaging
7.4. Spiral Imaging
7.5. Partial k-Space Acquisition
References
Chapter 8 MR Imaging of Flow
8.1. Time-of-Flight Techniques
8.2. Phase-contrast MRA
8.3. Contrast-enhanced MRI of Flow
References
Chapter 9 MRI Instrumentation: Magnets, Gradient
Coils, and Radiofrequency Coils
9.1. Magnets
9.2. Gradient Coils
9.3. Radiofrequency Coils
References
Appendix
A. Phase-sensitive Detection
B. Image Display
Index